從不同的角度描述同一事物，例如，自學(xué)teach oneself;遠(yuǎn)程教育 distanct、learning。再如：

In his 1776 work The Wealth of Nations，Scottish economist Adam Smilh proposed that specialization in production leads to increased output. 蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟學(xué)家亞當(dāng)?斯密在其1776年所著的《國富論》中認(rèn)為，專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)會引起產(chǎn)出增加。

這里，把“生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)化”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤皩I(yè)化生產(chǎn)”，把“增加的產(chǎn)出”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤爱a(chǎn)出增加”。

FDA publishes GUIDANCE TO INDUSTRY for the first time. This guidance, "Procedures for the Appraisal of the Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, ”came to be known as the "black book." FDA首次發(fā)布煙臺翻譯公司《產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)》。該指導(dǎo)題目為 “食品中化學(xué)制劑毒性的評估程序”，人們習(xí)慣稱之為“黑皮書”。

這里把被動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹鲃印?/span>

“正話反說，反話正說”也屬于視角變換：

In 1954, MILLER PESTICIDE AMENDMENT spells out procedures for setting safety limits for pesticide residues on raw agricultural commodities. 1954 年，《米勒殺蟲劑修正案》詳細(xì)規(guī)定了制定未加工農(nóng)產(chǎn)品殺蟲劑殘留標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的程序。

The bill was defeated, but during the next 25 years more than 100 food and drug bills were introduced in Congress. 雖然議案未獲通過，但在隨后的25年中，有多個食品與藥物法案被提交到國會。

FOOD QUALITY PHOTECTION ACT amends the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, eliminating application of

the Delaney proviso to pesticides.《食品質(zhì)量保於法》修訂了《食品藥物與化妝品法》，戴勒內(nèi)限制性條款不再適用于殺蟲劑。

總的來說，就是對外封閉，對內(nèi)以階級斗爭為綱，忽視發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，制定的政策超越了社會主義的初級階段。To put it briefly, we pursued a closed-door policy in foreign affairs and took class struggle as the central task at home. No attempt was made to expand the productive forces, and the policies we formulated were too ambitious for the primary stage of socialism.

抽象的事物可以具體化，具體的事物也可以抽象化。

Shocking disclosures of unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants, the use of poisonous preservatives and dyes in foods，and cure-all claims for worthless and dangerous patent medicines were the major problems leading to the enactment of these laws. 之所以通過以上法律，主要是因為肉類包裝廠衛(wèi)生條件惡劣，被披露后引起了人們的震驚；商人在食品中使用有毒的防腐劑和染料；藥廠聲稱包治百病的專利藥品卻沒有任何藥效甚至危害身體健康。

原文是“無價值的”和“危險的”，譯文變?yōu)榫唧w的“沒有任何藥效甚至危害身體健康”。